Bhagavad Gita Chapter 1, Verse 2

English Translation

Sanjaya said But then, seeing the army of the Pandavas in battle array, King Duryodhana approached the teacher (Drona) and uttered a speech:

Detailed Commentary

(1.2) Commentary— 'Tada' refers to that time when both armies stood ready for battle. Sanjaya answered Dhritarashtra's question with this word. 'Tu' (but/indeed) — Dhritarashtra had inquired about his own sons and the sons of Pandu, therefore Sanjaya first describes Dhritarashtra's sons. 'Drishtva Pandavanikam Vyudham' signifies that Duryodhana was affected upon seeing the well-arranged army of the Pandavas. Dharma (righteousness) and Bhagavan Sri Krishna were on the side of the Pandavas. Hence, the *tejas* (effulgence) of their army was powerful. This influence also affected Duryodhana, leading him to approach Dronacharya to speak politically astute words. By saying 'Raja Duryodhana,' Sanjaya indicated Dhritarashtra's delusion, as Duryodhana was the one managing the affairs of the kingdom. 'Acharyamupasangamya' (approaching the Guru) signifies that the main reasons for Duryodhana going to Dronacharya were: (1) To gain Dronacharya's support by inciting animosity towards the Pandavas in him, (2) To show respect as a Guru, (3) It was essential for the main person (Dronacharya) to be in the right place to maintain order in the army. Duryodhana went to Dronacharya because the Guru held a special affection for Arjuna, and it was crucial to appease him. Whereas, due to familial affection towards Bhishma, he would not displease him. The word 'Vachanamabravit' (spoke words) specifically highlights the importance of inciting animosity towards the Pandavas in Dronacharya's mind and securing his support. Connection— What Duryodhana said to Dronacharya after approaching him will be explained in the next verse.