Bhagavad Gita Chapter 12, Verse 3

English Translation

Swami Gambirananda did not comment on this sloka

Detailed Commentary

12.3. Explanation—The word 'tu' (but) is used here to indicate the distinction of those who worship the formless (Nirguna) from those who worship the Manifest (Saguna). 'Sanniyamyendriyagrāmam' means to completely restrain all the senses. If the senses are not controlled, the worship of the Nirguna Tattva becomes difficult. In Saguna Upasana, the senses can focus on the form of the Lord. However, in Nirguna Upasana, control of the senses is essential, otherwise the mind wanders into worldly objects (Vishayas). Therefore, for Nirguna devotees, restraining the senses is crucial. Not only must the senses be externally controlled, but attachment to sense objects must also be removed from the mind. 'Achintyam' means that which cannot be comprehended by the mind or intellect; 'Sarvatragam' means that which is all-pervading; 'Anirdeshyam' implies that which cannot be described or pointed to; 'Kūṭastham' means that which ever remains changeless; 'Achalam' means that which is unmoving; and 'Dhruvam' means that whose existence is stable and eternal. These epithets denote the infinite existence of Brahman. 'Aksharam' signifies that which never perishes, and 'Avyaktam' means that which is unmanifest (not visible). 'Paryupāsate' means that the worshipper should remain established in the Paramatma through knowledge (Jnana) and feeling (Bhavana). These attributes explain the nature of Brahman, which transcends the intellect. **Special Point** To describe the Paramatma, there are two types of adjectives: prohibitive and affirmative. Prohibitive adjectives indicate His transcendence from Prakriti (nature), and affirmative adjectives denote His independent existence. The characteristics of Paramatma's nature demonstrate Him to be beyond the processes of the world. 'Sarvabhūtahite ratāḥ' means to be engaged in the welfare of all beings, which is paramount in Karma Yoga. This liberates a person from ego (Ahanta). One's actions should be performed for the benefit of all beings, so that attachment to objects and ego are renounced. For both Saguna and Nirguna worshippers, the sentiment of welfare for all beings is essential, because it aids in realizing the true nature of the Atman and Paramatma. 'Sarvatra Samabuddhayaḥ' means that the worshippers of Nirguna Brahman maintain an equal vision towards all beings.