Bhagavad Gita Chapter 17, Verse 16

English Translation

Tranillity of mind, gentleness, reticence, withdrawal of the mind, purity of heart,-these are what is called mental austerity.

Detailed Commentary

।।17.16।। Explanation: Manah-prasādah means the serenity of the mind. The joy derived from external objects, people, places, time, or events is never permanent, as these are ever-changing. However, when one distances oneself from vices or wrong conduct, a lasting joy is experienced, by which the mind remains ever peaceful and content. Often, agitation arises in the mind when people rely on perishable things, such as wealth or family. These things are temporary; thus, their coming and going disturbs the mind. If a sādhak abandons transient things and takes refuge in the ever-present Bhagavān, the mind remains undisturbed in any circumstance. The means to mental serenity is to be free from attachment (rāga) and aversion (dveṣa) towards worldly objects, not to discriminate against anyone out of selfishness or pride, to fill the mind with compassion, forgiveness, and generosity, to have a feeling for the welfare of all beings, and to follow a regular routine with proper food. In this way, an individual can quickly attain the serenity of the citta. Saumyatā (gentleness/serenity) arises from the absence of violence, cruelty, crookedness, and hatred in the mind, and develops through unwavering faith in the attributes of Bhagavān. Mauna (silence) means the absence of agitation in the mind caused by dualities. Reflecting upon the teachings of scriptures (śāstras) and saints is also called Mauna. Ātmavinigraha means that the mind is focused and remains under the control of the sādhak. Bhāvasaṃśuddhi (purity of feeling) means abandoning selfishness and pride in one's emotions and thinking of the welfare of others. One who has faith in Bhagavān and contemplates upon Him quickly attains purity of feelings. Ity-etat tapo mānasamucyate means that the austerity (tapa) in which the mind holds primary importance is called Mānas Tapa (mental austerity). Connection: Now, Bhagavān will further describe Sāttvika, Rājasika, and Tāmasika austerities.